Archimedes c. 287 BC - c. 212 BC
According to Greek historian John Zetus, Archimedes was born in 287 BC. C. was in He lived to the age of about 75 years. The things written by his friend Heraclitus about him can be some cornerstones for his biography. It is said that the authenticity and completeness of the work he did during his lifetime has been lost. There is no evidence that he was married or not. He studied in Alekjendriyama, Egypt in his youth. Eratosthenes was his counterpart in Samos. He died during the Second Punic War in 212 BC. c. was in When Marcus Claudius, Marcellus, the powerful general of Rome, captured the city of Syracuse after two years of struggle. Archimedes died at the same time.
According to the popular information given by Plutarch, when the city was occupied, he made a mathematical diagram. The Romani soldier asked him to see his commander or the general, but he said that he was working on solving a mathematical problem. After the soldier did not understand this, he must have been killed at that time. After learning that he had been killed in this way, the military general Marshall also regretted it and ordered that Aarkimidij was not a dangerous man but a scientist. According to another possible reason, he was killed due to the suspicion that the geometric object he was carrying was an important tool. It is said that for the last time he told me don't disturb by circle, but this is not mentioned in Plutarch's facts. After that, it is said that Archimedes's favorite and mathematical fact that he proved was the construction of the physical condition of the belief that a cylinder with the same diameter and the same height and a sphere placed on it has a volume and surface area equal to two-thirds of the cylinder. But there is no official confirmation of this matter, some say that it is just a search that he likes.
As mentioned above, there are many interesting stories about Archimedes. Those stories are said to be true except for his death. Aarkimidij was a great researcher who could concentrate his mind and he also made many scientific discoveries. He said after discovering the principle of lever, give me a place to stand and I will move the earth.
In another context, when he discovered the principle of specific gravity, King Heron had given the goldsmith to make a gold ring. After the goldsmith made the ring and returned it, the king suspected that the ring was adulterated and sent Archimedes to investigate it. When he was thinking deeply about it. It is said that he discovered a new theory about this while in the shower and shouted "Eureka! Eureka! I have found it, I have found it". He placed a pan made of mixed gold and other metals equal to that ring in the water at the same time. By doing this, the karai made of impurities fell into the water. Likewise, he discovered that the ring was contaminated.
Archimedes creations were published by Marshall Clagett of the University of Wisconsin. Some of these works are as follows:
1. On the Equilibrium of plane parts
2. Quadrature of the parabola
3. On the sphere and the cylinder parts I and II
4. On spirals
5. On conoids and spheroids
6. On floating bodies
7. Measurement of a circle
8. The sand - reckoner
9. The method
Contribution of Archimedes
Archimedes especially worked on solid geometry and subjects like parabola, sphere, spheroid. Now his mathematical contribution can be summarized in the following points.
- Develop the theory of equilibrium and approximation
- Proved that in circles and right triangles of equal area, if one side of the right triangle is equal to the radius of the circle, then the other side (except the hypotenuse) is equal to the circumference of the circle.
- Initiated the scientific method of calculating π.
- Developed Trichotomy law.
- Developed the regular polyhendra and its properties.
- Developed the theory of balance and lever.
- Calculation of the quadrature of parabola and circle
- Develop the formula for area and volume of sphere and cylinder
- Properties of curve by using Archimedes spiral and r=kθ.
- Area of triangle at first time.
k = √s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)
- Method of integral calculus.
Apart from these subjects, he also worked in mathematical physics, astronomy, hydrostatic, convergent of geometric series and plane geometry.
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